What is Computer Network?
A computer network is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that communicate with each other to share resources and information. The primary purpose of a computer network is to enable data exchange and communication among devices, which can include computers, servers, printers, smartphones, and other hardware.
Key Components of Computer Networks:
1. Nodes:- The individual devices or endpoints on the network, such as computers, servers, and printers.
2. Links:- The physical or logical connections between nodes, which can be wired (e.g., Ethernet cables) or wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi).
3. Network Devices:- Equipment used to facilitate communication and data transfer, including:
- Routers:- Direct traffic between networks.
- Switches:- Connect devices within a network and manage data traffic.
- Access Points:- Enable wireless devices to connect to a wired network.
4. Protocols:- The rules and conventions for communication between devices. Examples include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
5. Communication Channels: The medium through which data is transmitted, such as fiber optic cables, coaxial cables, or radio waves for wireless communication.
Types of Computer Networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN):- A network that covers a small geographic area, like a home, office, or building. It usually offers high data transfer rates.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN):- A network that spans a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even worldwide. The internet is the largest example of a WAN.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):- A network that connects users in a specific geographic area, like a city.
4. Personal Area Network (PAN):- A small network, typically within a range of a few meters, designed for personal devices like smartphones and tablets.
5. Virtual Private Network (VPN): A secure network that uses encryption to connect devices over the internet, allowing for secure data transmission.
Benefits of Computer Networks:
- Resource Sharing: Devices can share resources such as files, printers, and internet connections.
-Communication: Facilitates communication through email, instant messaging, and video conferencing.
- Centralized Data Management: Allows for central storage and management of data, improving access and security.
- Scalability: Networks can be expanded by adding more devices and nodes as needed.